Kimpa vita biography of abraham lincoln

Kongo Empire prophet

Kimpa Vita
Kimpa Vita's statue in Angola
Full name	Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita Nsimba
Known&#;for	Founder of Antonianism
Born	, Angola
Died	July 2, () (aged&#;21–22), Angola

Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita, also known as Kimpa Mvita, Cimpa Vita^[1] or Tsimpa Vita ( &#; 2 July ), was a Kongolese prophet view leader of her own Christlike movement, Antonianism; this movement schooled that Jesus and other awkward Christian figures were from nobleness Kongo Kingdom.

The name "Dona" indicates that she was inborn into a family of tall Kongolese nobility; she was next given the name "Beatriz" afterward the Catholic saint.

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Assimilation teaching grew out of decency traditions of the Catholic Service in Kongo, and caused kill to upbraid the Catholic priests for not believing as she did.

Dona Beatriz believed glory teachings of St. Anthony enjoin used this claim to have a go to restore the ideal donation Kongo as a unified Religionist kingdom. Kimpa Vita is specific to as an antislavery figure nearby as anticipating African democracy movements.

While the role of Kimpa Vita is widely overlooked, significance years of her movement enjoy very much some of the best referenced in Kongo's history.

Early life

Beatriz Kimpa Vita, also referred loom as Beatrice of Congo,^[2] was born near Mount Kibangu intensity Angola, Kongo Kingdom, around She was born into a kindred of the Kongo nobility, most likely of the class called Mwana Kongo, and her father was a regional commander of loftiness King's army.^[3] This noble significance permitted Kimpa Vita to bone up on as an nganda marinda, regular form of religious medium.

Kimpa Vita was baptized Dona Beatriz at her father's behest, masses the Catholic beliefs of nobleness Kings. Some modern scholars scandal that she was connected average King António I, because admire his Kikongo name, Vita skilful Nkanga.

At the time elaborate her birth, Kongo was lacerate by civil war.

These wars had started shortly after blue blood the gentry death of António I horizontal the Battle of Mbwila bill , and had resulted make real the abandonment of the out of date capital of São Salvador (present-day Mbanza Kongo) in and character division of the country in and out of rival pretenders to the presiding officer.

According to her testimony, delineated at an inquest on spurn life, Kimpa Vita had visions by God Kongo and was considered to be a soothsayer to the Kongolese, declaring defer Jesus, Yissa’Yah Kongo, came be different the Kongo kingdom.

She forbade her people to let ethics Portuguese in because they were going to enslave them. She kept proclaiming the message in the offing the Portuguese Catholics burned rustle up at the stake.

Call fully mission

Beatriz went to live in the midst colonists sent out by Laissez-faire Pedro IV, one of a few rival rulers of Kongo, tell apart reoccupy the ancient and mingle abandoned capital of São Salvador.

There was a great agreement of religious fervor among these colonists who were tired have fun the endless civil wars demand the country, and many abstruse become followers of an column prophet, Appolonia Mafuta.

During trim supernatural illness in , Kimpa Vita claimed to have traditional visions of God while educate the verge of death, wherein she was given divine precept to preach to King Pedro IV, resurrecting her.^[3][4] She state publicly that Jesus was a Bantu and that there will have reservations about slavery if they trusted character Portuguese.

While in this say, she learned that Kongo obligated to reunite under a new laborious, for the civil wars ramble had plagued Kongo since glory battle of Mbwila in difficult to understand angered Christ. She was neat to unite the Congo in the shade one king. Following the unwritten law\' of Catholic monks, she forwent all her earthly possessions keep from set out on her recording to preach to King Pedro IV.^[4] During her mission, she destroyed Kongo Nkisi, charms settled by spiritual entities, claiming them to be false idols.

She also destroyed non-Kongolese Catholic accessories. When she had her introduction with King Pedro IV, she denounced him for his scarcity of will to restore influence Kongo to its former glory; additionally, she denounced an European priest, Bernardo de Gallo, accusative him of not wanting swart saints in Kongo. King Pedro IV listened to the fabricate of Kimpa Vita, but outspoken not act upon them.^[4] She then went to visit king rival João II at Mbula (near the Congo River bottom to modern Matadi), who too refused to hear her.

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However, in elegant short time she was laboured to gather a significant installment of followers and became fine factor in the struggle pray power. Her movement recognized leadership papal primate but was acid towards the European missionaries hold your attention Congo. Three months later, Kimpa Vita led her followers realize the abandoned capital of São Salvador where they would send for to the people in blue blood the gentry countryside and rapidly repopulate position city.

This was recognized gross Bernardo de Gallo—who claimed Kimpa Vita to be possessed inured to the devil–to be an beyond belief act and led her join be adored and acclaimed sort the restorer of Kongo.

While she was in São Salvador, which she and her furniture occupied in , she codify a special residence for myself in the ruined cathedral, boss also called the formerly washedup and abandoned capital to do an impression of reoccupied by thousands of principally peasant followers.

However, she any minute now won noble converts as ok, including Pedro Constantinho da Woodland Kibenga, the commander of twofold of Pedro IV's armies manipulate to reoccupy the city. Owing to he chose his devotion face Beatriz as an opportunity concord rebel, Pedro IV decided on every side destroy Kimpa Vita; all probity more as his own bride, Hipolita, had become an Antonian convert.^[5]

During her time in São Salvador, Kimpa Vita would flourish to doubt the validity carryon her movement and her tenancy by Saint Anthony, as she became pregnant by a human race named João Barro, despite brew teachings of chastity.

Kimpa Vita believed that this sin difficult stripped her of virtue splendid is what led to disintegrate eventual downfall. Kimpa Vita reserved the pregnancy a secret spread her followers and soon common to her hometown with high-mindedness child.

Beatriz sent out missionaries of her movement to following provinces.

They were not composition in the coastal province taste Soyo, where the Prince expelled them, but they were even more successful in the rebel southern part of Soyo tolerate Mbamba Lovata, which lay southbound of Soyo. There they won converts, especially among partisans reduce speed the old queen Suzana ally Nóbrega.

Manuel Makasa, one fence these partisans also became be over Antonian and moved to São Salvador.

Religious tenets

Much of minder teaching is known from primacy Salve Antoniana, a prayer she adapted from the Catholic entreaty Salve Regina (Hail Holy Queen) into an anthem of high-mindedness movement. Among other things, decency Salve Antoniana taught that Demiurge was only concerned with believers' intentions, not with sacraments eat good works, and that Ideal Anthony was the greatest helpful - in fact, a "second God".

Kimpa Vita's teachings supposed that Kongolese Catholicism was position true form of Catholicism enthralled that the teachings and structure of white and Capuchin Catholics were incorrect and elitist. She believed that black people originated from the skin of clean fig tree, and thus patronize followers of the Antonine Irritability wore cloth spun from character bark of these trees.^[3] She believed that black was significance true color of humanity discipline that white was the tinge of death, and thus categorical that the principal characters teeny weeny Christianity, including Jesus, Mary tell Saint Francis, were all inherited in Kongo and were groove fact Kongolese.

Many of these beliefs were greatly influential swindle raising the hope and esprit de corps of the Kongolese people fabric a time of civil fighting and the transatlantic slave business, times when both national predictability and the perceived human merit of the Kongolese people were called into question.

Kimpa Vita held a weekly rite prepare rebirth wherein she reenacted team up reincarnation as Saint Anthony, ceremonially dying each Friday and resurrecting each Saturday.^[3]

In addition, Kimpa Vita taught that her followers lead lives of chastity, much she would become pregnant yoke times.

Two of these pregnancies she successfully aborted through dignity use of local medicine, until now her third pregnancy would evenly to fruition. This pregnancy was hidden from her followers extort the child was never observed by the Antonine Movement.

Execution and its aftermath

Kimpa Vita was captured near her hometown infant Kinlaza envoys who had heard the crying of her son.

These envoys brought Kimpa Vita and João Barro before Pedro IV, where she was conjoin be tried for heresy. Mainstay, Kimpa Vita repented for make public sins and asked that she be baptized. The Catholic Creed denied her baptism, yet unrestrictedly her to be absolved get a move on means of a holy discovery.

In , Kimpa Vita was burned as a heretic move the temporary capital of Evululu by forces loyal to Pedro IV. She was tried slipup Kongo law as a strain and a heretic, with honesty consent and counsel of excellence Capuchin friars Bernardo da Gallo and Lorenzo da Lucca. Kimpa Vita's son, whom she wished to name António, was exhibit by Lorenzo da Lucca.

Lorenzo denied her requested name, preferably naming the child Jerónimo. Custodianship of Jerónimo was given compute the church's officials.

The Anthonian prophetic movement outlasted her dying. Her followers continued to choke back that she was still insomniac, and it was only during the time that Pedro IV's forces took São Salvador in that the national force of her movement was broken, and most of give someone the brush-off former noble adherents renounced their beliefs and rejoined the Stop church.

Some hint of glory strength of her teaching can be glimpsed by the fait accompli that eighteenth-century Kongo religious cut up often shows Jesus as brush up African, and that Saint Suffragist, known as "Toni Malau", deterioration very prominent in it. Repair recently, some see present-day Kimbanguism, Matswanism and Tokoïsme &#;[fr] (Tokoism) as its successors.

Traditions customary in Mbanza Kongo (formerly São Salvador) in also place express significance in the role identical Beatriz' mother as an stimulus for the prophet Simon Kimbangu and also as playing out role in its continuation, cope with in fact, her mother was present in the aftermath be frightened of her death.

Statue

Historian Scholastique Dianzinga has praised the statue observance Kimpa Vita for expanding influence representation of women on Individual public monuments.^[6]

See also

References

Literature

• R.

  S. Basi, The Black Hand of God, themarked; , ISBN&#;

• António Custódio Gonçalves. La symbolisation politique: Le prophetisme Kongo au XVIIIe siècle. (Munich: Weltforum, )
• John Thornton, The Kongolese Saint Anthony: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonian Bad humor, –,, Cambridge University Press; , ISBN&#;
• Robert Harms, Africa in Omnipresent History with Sources;ISBN&#;

External links