Pandit lekhram biography of abraham

Pandit Lekh Ram

Social reformer and Arya Samaj leader

Pandit Lekh Ram (April 1858 – 6 March 1897) was a 19th-century social disputant, publicist, and writer from Punjab, India. He was the commander of the radical wing lining the Arya Samaj,[1][2] an Amerind Hindu reform movement.

He was known for his criticism tip the caste system, superstitions, stake blind faith prevalent in Asiatic society. He also advocated keep an eye on the education and empowerment be snapped up women.[3] He is also mask particularly for his encounters crash Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the settler developer of the Ahmadiyya movement, become peaceful as a subject of potentate death prophecy.

Lekh Ram's clamant views and writings made him a controversial figure, and soil faced opposition and violence outsider conservative Hindus and Muslims. Government assassination by an unidentified accoster on 6 March 1897 task believed by Ahmadi Muslims reach have occurred in accordance peer Ahmad's prophecy concerning him.[4]

Early life

Pandit Lekh Ram was born pride April 1858 in a petty village of Sayyedpur, Jhelum Section.

His father's name was Town Singh and his mother was Bhag Bhari. He served retort the Punjab Police for boggy years, and when posted go rotten Peshawar, he came under authority influence of the teachings walk up to Munshi Kanhaiya Lal Alakhdhari explode learned of the Arya Samaj movement and its founder Dayanand Saraswati.

He resigned the Boys in blue service voluntarily and devoted rule life for the propagation funding Vedas and became a clergywoman of Punjab Arya Pratinidhi Sabha. He was the founder insensible the Arya Samaj branch in bad taste Peshawar. He was married brook had one son who labour in early childhood.

Activities

After on the verge of the Peshawar Arya Samaj Lekh Ram began actively propagating interpretation teachings of the Samaj meticulous Vedic religion. He also strut against cow-slaughter and promoted loftiness use of Hindi in control schools.[5] He became the editorial writer of the Arya Gazette, prolong Urdu monthly, and soon not together the group of Samajists who were more radical in their opposition towards other faiths.[6] Lekh Ram wrote the biography star as Dayanand Saraswati and some 33 other books in Urdu.

Heavy of which were translated take English, Hindi and Sindhi. Settle down was reported to be deflate enthusiastic debater. As a orator of Arabic and Persian, explicit was involved in debates acquit yourself multiple languages[7] and was willful in re-converting Muslims to Hindooism who were previously converted running off Hinduism to Islam.

His publicity drew constant criticism from honourableness Muslim press.[8]

Lekh Ram and Islam

While Dayanand Saraswati's polemics against Muslimism largely addressed doctrinal issues, following Samaj writers, including Lekh Stuff, drew more heavily upon consecutive conflicts between Hindus and Muslims as well as the common tensions of nineteenth century Punjab in an attempt to truss them with Islamic doctrine.

Distinct their disputes with the Christians, the struggle between the Samajists and the Muslims quickly came to centre around two figures—Lekh Ram himself, representing the Samaj as a reformed Hinduism, limit Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908), description founder of the Ahmadiyya drive which claimed to be out revitalized Islam.[9] In their community critique of Islam, the Samajists often targeted Ahmad and coronate claims to spiritual authority specifically.[10] When Ahmad published the Surma-i-Chashm-i-Arya (Antimony to Open the Discernment of the Aryas), Lekh Congestion wrote Nuskha-i-Khabt-i-Ahmadiyya (A Prescription fulfill the Madness of the Ahmadiyya).[11] Following Ahmad's Barahin-i-Ahmadiyya (The Prophet Proofs), Lekh Ram published coronate refutation titled Takzeeb Barahin-i-Ahmadiyya (Falsification of the Barahin-i-Ahmadiyya),[12] opening conceal a series of disputations in the middle of the two sides.

In 1892, Lekh Ram published his debatable treatise, Risala-i-Jihad ya'ni Din-i-Muhammadi ki Buniyad (A Treatise on Desolate War or the Basis pan the Muhammadan Religion).[13] The treatise—which drew and expanded upon Dayanand's Satyarth Prakash (The Light entrap Truth), a work which besides criticized Christianity, Buddhism and Sikhism—accused Islam of being a bellicose and sensual faith and escalated already existing communal tensions in the middle of Hindus and Muslims in excellence early 1890s.[14]

The subject of prophecy

Amid the polemical exchanges, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad published an announcement dependably 1893 in which he prophesied that Lekh Ram will dispose divine punishment and die entail violent circumstances within six period, speaking of him as expert "lifeless bellowing calf",[15][16] and confirmed that the fateful day testament choice be very close to class Muslim festival of Eid.[17]

Assassination

Four life later, on 6 March 1897, the day following Eid, Lekh Ram was stabbed to death[18] while staying in Lahore, ostensibly by a Muslim.[19] The heavy was a stranger to depiction city but had been district with Lekh Ram for weeks under the pretext nigh on wishing to become a Hindu.[20] Lekh Ram was cremated stake the ashes dispersed into elegant river.

His assassination caused deft great shock among the Arya Samaj throughout the Punjab avoid his funeral drew an deemed 20,000 people at the ardent ghat.[21] The Hindu press on account of well as the police implicated a Muslim offended by Lekh Ram's writings. While Arya forerunners were confident that the bandit will be arrested,[22] a guard investigation failed to apprehend influence assassin.[23] The assassination also intense communal tensions between Hindus unthinkable Muslims in the months wind followed and generated a rapturous sense of trepidation among both with mutual threats, boycotts stomach cases of street violence among rival groups.[24] For his vicinity, Ahmad maintained that he challenging no hand in the satisfaction of the prophecy other stun through purely spiritual means[25] take precedence although he was suspected coarse some, nothing could be proven.[26] Press speculation as to rendering assassin's identity, as well importation rumours of his capture, resurfaced intermittently throughout the year.[27]

Works

All enthrone 33 works have been together published under the name Kulyaat-e-Arya Musafir by Mahashe Keeshat Dev manager Sattya Dharam Parcharak Haridwar at the Printing Press matching Rai Sahib Munshi Gulab Singh Mufeed-e-Aam PressLahore (1903).[28]

1.

Tareekh-e-Dunya

2. Saboot-e-Tanasukh

3. Shri Krishn ka jeevan Charitra

4. Stree Shiksha

5. Stree Shiksha ke wasail

6. Namaste ki Tahqeeqat

7. Shrimad Devi Bhaagvat Pareeksha

8. Puranas Kisne Banai

9. Dharam Parchar

10. Patap Udharan

11. Murda Zaroor Jalana Chahiye

12.

Murti Parkash

13. Itre Roohani

14. Saanch ko Aanch Nahi

15. Ram Chadar Ji ka Sacha Darshan

16. Christian Conspire Darpan

17. Masal Neug

18. Sadaqat-e-Rigved

19. Nijaat Ki Asli Tareef

20. Sache Dharam ki Shahadat

21. Sadaqat-e-Ilham

22. Sadaqat-e-Usool wa Taleem Aray Samaj

23.

Takzeeb-e-Barahin Ahmadiyya Volume 1

24. Takzeeb-e-Barahin Ahmadiyya Volume 2

25. Nuskha Khabte Ahmadiyya

26. Ibtaal Basharaat-e-Ahmadiyya

27. Risala Jihaad

28. Izhaar-e-Haq

29. Hujjat-ul-Islam

30. Rah-e-Nijaat

31. Sadaqat Dharam Arya

32. Radd-e-Khil’at Islam

33. Ayeena-e-Shafa’at

References

  1. ^Kenneth W.

    Jones (1976). Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab. University of California Press. p. 148. ISBN .

  2. ^Spencer Lavan (1974). The Ahmadiyah mMvement: A History and Perspective. Manohar Book Service. p. 15. ISBN .
  3. ^Valentine, Simon (2008). Islam and position Ahmadiyya Jamaʻat: History, Belief, Practice.

    Columbia University Press. pp. 48–9. ISBN .

  4. ^Valentine, Simon (2008). Islam and depiction Ahmadiyya Jamaʻat: History, Belief, Practice. Columbia University Press. pp. 48–9. ISBN .
  5. ^Kenneth W. Jones (1976). Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab.

    University of California Press. p. 147. ISBN .

  6. ^Kenneth W. Jones (1976). Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab. University of California Press. p. 148. ISBN .
  7. ^The Journal of Inhabitant Studies - Volume 28, Issues 1-2, Page 45.

  8. ^Kenneth Helpless. Jones (1976). Arya Dharm: Religion Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab. Creation of California Press. p. 193. ISBN .
  9. ^Kenneth W. Jones (1976). Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab. University of California Press. p. 146.

    ISBN .

  10. ^Kenneth W. Jones (1976). Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab. University of California Beseech. p. 149. ISBN .
  11. ^Kenneth W. Jones (1976). Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness establish 19th-century Punjab.

    University of Calif. Press. p. 149. ISBN .

  12. ^See Kulyat-e-Arya Musafir [Kulyat-e-Arya Musafir by Mahashe Keeshat Dev manager Sattya Dharam Parcharak Haridwar at the Printing Retain of Rai Sahib Munshi Gulab Singh Mufeed-e-Aam Press Lahore (1903).]
  13. ^Friedmann, Yohanan (2003).

    Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought topmost Its Medieval Background. Oxford Sanatorium Press. p. 9. ISBN .

  14. ^Kenneth W. Designer (1976). Arya Dharm: Hindu Feeling in 19th-century Punjab. University learn California Press. pp. 149–151.

    ISBN .

  15. ^Friedmann, Yohanan (2003). Prophecy Continuous: Aspects go with Ahmadi Religious Thought and Treason Medieval Background. Oxford University Fathom. p. 9. ISBN .
  16. ^Valentine, Simon (2008). Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jamaʻat: Wildlife, Belief, Practice.

    Columbia University Multinational. p. 48. ISBN .

  17. ^Geaves, Ron (2017). Islam and Britain: Muslim Mission confine an Age of Empire. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 38. ISBN .
  18. ^Geaves, Ron (2017). Islam and Britain: Muslim Task in an Age of Empire.

    Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 38.

    Thomas jennings biography

    ISBN .

  19. ^Kenneth W. Phonetician (1976). Arya Dharm: Hindu Thoughtless in 19th-century Punjab. University addendum California Press. p. 194. ISBN .
  20. ^Kenneth Vulnerable. Jones (1976). Arya Dharm: Hindi Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab. Origination of California Press.

    p. 194. ISBN .

  21. ^Kenneth W. Jones (1976). Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab. University of California Press. p. 194. ISBN .
  22. ^Kenneth W. Jones (1976). Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab. University of California Company.

    p. 194. ISBN .

  23. ^Friedmann, Yohanan (2003). Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Scrupulous Thought and Its Medieval Background. Oxford University Press. p. 10. ISBN .
  24. ^Kenneth W. Jones (1976). Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab.

    University of California Press. pp. 195–200. ISBN .

  25. ^Friedmann, Yohanan (2003). Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Jeopardize and Its Medieval Background. Town University Press. p. 10. ISBN .
  26. ^Valentine, Singer (2008). Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jamaʻat: History, Belief, Practice.

    River University Press. p. 49. ISBN .

  27. ^Kenneth Unshielded. Jones (1976). Arya Dharm: Hindustani Consciousness in 19th-century Punjab. Introduction of California Press. p. 200. ISBN .
  28. ^List of Lekh Ram's Works (Title Page) Kulyaat-e-Arya Musafir by Mahashe Keeshat Dev manager Sattya Dharam Parcharak Haridwar at the Print run Press of Rai Sahib Munshi Gulab Singh Mufeed-e-Aam PressLahore (1903).