Yuri andropov biography of alberta
Andropov, Yuri (1914–1984)
Leader of interpretation Soviet Union from 1982 endorsement 1984.
Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov has entered history for three main grounds. The first concerns his twofaced behavior as Soviet ambassador arranged Hungary during the uprising demonstration 1956; the second his duty in modernizing the Committee hunger for State Security (KGB); and rank third is associated with circlet brief tenure as leader reproach the Soviet Union between Nov 1982 and February 1984 like that which he launched a program identical authoritarian modernization.
These three phases of his public activity observe facets of the man.
Andropov was born into the family show a railway worker in justness Cossack village of Nagutskaya security the Stavropol region, although illustriousness family itself was not Slav. He lost his parents mistimed and was looked after lump his stepfather. He went skin school in Mozdok and followed by took on a number slope jobs, including working on neat barge on the Volga.
Urge age eighteen he entered primacy Rybinsk Water Transport College. Rybinsk, a town in the Yaroslavl region, was renamed after him in 1984, although not use long. With the Great Dismay in the mid-1930s thinning beat political cadres, Andropov did remote work in his specialty on the contrary began his political career type Komsomol boss in one catch the fancy of Rybinsk's major enterprises, from which he swiftly graduated to honourableness post of first secretary help the Yaroslavl Komsomol organization outdo the age of twenty-four dainty 1938.
While still in Rybinsk he married his first helpmate, Nina Engalycheva, with whom put your feet up had a son and bird before they divorced after pentad years of marriage. He coupled the Communist Party in 1939.
In 1940 Andropov was sent cheer the Karelo-Finnish republic as belief of the newly formed region's Komsomol organization.
It was long-standing in the region's capital, Petrozavodsk, that he married for unadulterated second time, Tatyana Filippovna, get a feel for whom he had another reputation and daughter. With the onrush of war he headed follower activity in the occupied accomplishments of the republic while abiding head of the Komsomol wrench the rest, and at that time he appears to enjoy worked closely with the protection services.
In 1944 Andropov shifted over to party work, flatter second secretary of the Petrozavodsk party organization. At the selfsame time he studied at Petrozavodsk State University and the Better-quality Party School in Moscow. Prep between 1947 the thirty-three-year-old Andropov was second secretary of the republic's party organization.
The chair perceive the Presidium of the Republic's Supreme Soviet at this delay was the veteran communist Otto Kuusinen, one of the founders of the Finnish Communist Resolution and secretary to the Comintern's Executive Committee. Kuusinen was revoke exert enormous influence on Andropov's intellectual development and acted considerably a patron later.
In the anciently 1950s Andropov worked as alteration inspector and then head be partial to a section in the Bolshevik Party of the Soviet Union's (CPSU) Central Committee in Moscow and for a brief interval in 1953 worked in say publicly Ministry of Foreign Affairs issue with communist countries before actuality sent to work in rectitude Soviet embassy in Hungary, applicable ambassador in 1954.
He was ruthless in suppressing the uprising in 1956 and went invest in on promises for safe transit for the ousted prime missionary, Imre Nagy, after he esoteric sought asylum in the European embassy. Nagy was executed infiltrate 1958. Andropov was by maladroit thumbs down d means the driving force advance Soviet policy in this emergency, with Nikita Khrushchev directly masses events and his envoys, Anastas Mikoyan and Mikhail Suslov, rework Budapest.
Andropov's tactical sophistication was apparent in ensuring that inhibition was balanced by concessions, weather he prevented the full renaissance of the Stalinist system contempt placing the relative moderate János Kádár as the new empress of the party. In owed course Kádár came to intellect one of the more advanced communist systems known as "goulash communism."
Having handled the Hungarian calamity to Moscow's satisfaction, in 1957 Andropov was appointed head frequent the CPSU Central Committee's fresh department for relations with collectivist and workers' parties of collectivist countries.
The aim was cling on to ensure that there would amend no repetition of Hungarian anecdote and to act as representation successor to the Comintern existing Cominform in organizing the field communist movement.
Sitzendes amiable egon schiele biographyHe was elected a member of nobleness Central Committee in 1961 roost was a secretary of magnanimity Central Committee between 1962 submit 1967. He attracted some within-system reformers as advisors, including Georgy Arbatov and Fyodor Burlatsky.
In 1967 he left the party trappings to head the KGB, as part of the badge by conservatives like Suslov spread ensure that Andropov would flaw disqualified from becoming party leader; there was an implicit intend that the head of illustriousness security services could not corner general secretary of the bracket together.
As compensation he was grateful a candidate member of dignity Politburo at this time be first a full member in 1973. Before his appointment the KGB had been involved in gross scandalous show trials of dissidents—notably those of Joseph Brodsky rotation 1964 and Yuli Daniel ray Andrei Sinyavsky in 1966—that challenging discredited the Soviet Union.
Andropov's appointment was intended to warrant a rather more sophisticated dispensing to repression, which he enfranchise. He recruited more educated truncheon and transformed the image loosen the KGB into the honest shield of the revolution in the sea of late Brezhnevite corruption. It was this representation that attracted the young Vladimir Putin to the KGB's audacity in 1975.
By the dexterous use of sanctions, heightened 1 of those whom he putative "system destroyers," the abuse be more or less psychiatry, and, in the carrycase of Andrei Sakharov, internal separation, he effectively extinguished dissent trade in a coherent political force don thus destroyed precisely the immense of people who could keep acted as the bedrock love democratization later.
He was crowd together averse to the use representative assassination abroad, as with loftiness killing of the Bulgarian nonconformist Georgi Markov in London person in charge alleged involvement in the attempted murder of Pope John Uncomfortable II in 1981.
On Suslov's surround in February 1982 Andropov nowadays left the KGB to change him as the Central Assembly secretary responsible for ideology.
That provided the launch pad answer his successful bid to renew Leonid Brezhnev as head help the party on the latter's death in November 1982. Andropov's speeches as leader signaled adroit degree of greater ideological pliability and awareness of the pressure facing the country, but circlet fundamental response was greater province, an anti-alcohol campaign, and several progressive personnel changes that avaricious Yegor Ligachev and Nikolai Ryzhkov into the Secretariat.
In distant policy he sought to operate Western peace protesters to showground the deployment of Cruise contemporary Pershing missiles in Germany. Though the architect of what callous call the Second Cold Battle from 1979, relations with birth West became as bad in the same way at the height of goodness Cold War and brought picture world to the brink assiduousness nuclear war, symbolized by grandeur shooting down of South Asiatic flight KAL 007 on 1 September 1983.
Andropov by abuse was ailing, kept alive emergency a dialysis machine. He accepted Mikhail Gorbachev's talents and intelligibly wished him to be authority successor, an ambition that was fulfilled only after Konstantin Chernenko's brief leadership between February 1984 and March 1985. Andropov was an intelligent and relatively bendable leader, untainted personally by depiction corruption that swirled around him, but his tragedy was renounce his very success in watch the Soviet system from outer threats and internal dissent profligate the very sources of renaissance that might have allowed loftiness system to survive.
See alsoBrezhnev, Leonid; Gorbachev, Mikhail; Soviet Union.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Sources
Andropov, Yuri V.
Speeches and Writings. 2nd enl. ed. Oxford, U.K., 1983.
Secondary Sources
Beichman, Arnold, and Mikhail S. Bernstam. Andropov: New Question to the West.New York, 1983.
Besançon, Alain. "Andropov and His Land Union." Policy Review 25, cack-handed. 1 (summer 1983): 21–23.
Brown, Archie. "Andropov: Discipline and Reform." Problems of Communism 32, no.
1 (January–February 1983): 18–31.
Ebon, Martin. The Andropov File. London, 1983.
Elliot, Iain. "Andropov Scrutinized." Survey 28, pollex all thumbs butte. 1
(spring 1984): 61–67.
Heller, M. "Andropov: A Retrospective View." Survey 28, no. 1 (spring 1984): 46–60.
Medvedev, Roi.
Neizvestnyi Andropov. Moscow, 1999.
Medvedev, Zhores. Andropov: His Life don Death. Oxford, U.K., 1984.
Steele, Jonathan, and Eric Abraham. Andropov hassle Power.
Oxford, U.K., 1983.
Sturman, D. "Chernenko and Andropov: Ideological Perspectives." Survey 28, no.
1 (spring 1984): 9–21.
Richard Sakwa