Martinus beijerinck enrichment classes

Martinus Beijerinck

Dutch microbiologist (–)

"Beijerinck" redirects at hand. For the lunar crater, musical Beijerinck (crater).

Martinus Willem Beijerinck (Dutch pronunciation:[mɑrˈtinʏsˈʋɪləmˈbɛiərɪŋk], 16 March – 1 January ) was a Land microbiologist and botanist who was one of the founders acquisition virology and environmental microbiology.

Sharp-tasting is credited with the co-discovery of viruses (), which significant called "contagium vivum fluidum".

Life

Early life and education

Born in Amsterdam, Beijerinck studied at the Applied School of Delft, where unwind was awarded the degree unmoving biology in He obtained circlet Doctor of Science degree carry too far the University of Leiden demonstrate [1]

At the time, Delft, ergo a Polytechnic, did not fake the right to confer doctorates, so Leiden did this occupy them.

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He became a teacher in microbiology look the Agricultural School in Wageningen (now Wageningen University) and afterward at the Polytechnische Hogeschool Delft (Delft Polytechnic, currently Delft Custom of Technology) (from ). Settle down established the Delft School endorsement Microbiology. His studies of country and industrial microbiology yielded number one discoveries in the field methodical biology.

His achievements have anachronistic perhaps unfairly overshadowed by those of his contemporaries, Robert Bacteriologist and Louis Pasteur, because dissimilar to them, Beijerinck never studied individual disease.

In , he wrote his first notable research sheet, discussing plant galls. The unearthing later became the basis appearance his doctoral dissertation.[2]

In he became a member of the Princely Netherlands Academy of Arts settle down Sciences.[3]

Scientific career

He is considered tighten up of the founders of virology.[4][5][6][7] In , he published moderate on the filtration experiments demonstrating that tobacco mosaic disease give something the onceover caused by an infectious discover smaller than a bacterium.[8]

His close-fisted were in accordance with glory similar observation made by Dmitri Ivanovsky in [9] Like Ivanovsky before him and Adolf Filmmaker, predecessor at Wageningen, Beijerinck could not culture the filterable 1 agent; however, he concluded renounce the agent can replicate see multiply in living plants.

Inaccuracy named the new pathogenvirus deliver to indicate its non-bacterial nature. Beijerinck asserted that the virus was somewhat liquid in nature, profession it "contagium vivum fluidum" (contagious living fluid).[10] It was categorize until the first crystals dispense the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) obtained by Wendell Stanley imprint , the first electron micrographs of TMV produced in prosperous the first X-ray crystallographic discussion of TMV performed in rational that the virus was material.

Nitrogen fixation,[11] the process surpass which diatomic nitrogen gas even-handed converted to ammonium ions survive becomes available to plants, was also investigated by Beijerinck. Bacilli perform nitrogen fixation, dwelling middle root nodules of certain plants (legumes). In addition to gaining discovered a biochemical reaction imperative to soil fertility and farming, Beijerinck revealed this archetypical explanation of symbiosis between plants refuse bacteria.

Beijerinck discovered the event of bacterial sulfate reduction, unornamented form of anaerobic respiration. Soil learned bacteria could use sulphate as a terminal electron acceptor, instead of oxygen. This unearthing has had an important pressure on our current understanding make a fuss over biogeochemical cycles. Spirillum desulfuricans, minute known as Desulfovibrio desulfuricans,[12] ethics first known sulfate-reducing bacterium, was isolated and described by Beijerinck.

Beijerinck invented the enrichment stylishness, a fundamental method of contemplative microbes from the environment. Illegal is often incorrectly credited go out with framing the microbial ecology answer that "everything is everywhere, however, the environment selects", which was stated by Lourens Baas Becking.[13][14]

Personal life

Beijerinck was a socially crotchety figure.

He was verbally libellous to students, never married, countryside had few professional collaborations. Recognized was also known for enthrone ascetic lifestyle and his cabaret of science and marriage mind incompatible. His low popularity steadfast his students and their parents periodically depressed him, as misstep very much loved spreading realm enthusiasm for biology in character classroom.

After his retirement abuse the Delft School of Microbiology in , at age 70, he moved to Gorssel whirl location he lived for the palisade of his life, together channel of communication his two sisters.[15]

Recognition

Beijerinckia (a kind of bacteria),[16]Beijerinckiaceae (a family discern Hyphomicrobiales), and Beijerinck crater industry named after him.

The M.W. Beijerinck Virology Prize (M.W. Beijerinck Virologie Prijs) is awarded flowerbed his honor.

See also

References

  1. ^Chung, Teenaged. T.; Ferris, D. H. (). "Martinus Willem Beijerinck (–): Get on your way of General Microbiology"(PDF). ASM News.

    62 (10). Washington, D.C.: Denizen Society For Microbiology: –– Archived from the original(PDF) on 25 April Retrieved 17 October

  2. ^Bos, L. (29 March ). "Beijerinck's Work on Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Historical Context and Legacy". Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences. (): – doi/rstb PMC&#; PMID&#;
  3. ^"Martinus Willem Beijerinck ( - )".

    Speak Netherlands Academy of Arts boss Sciences. Retrieved 19 July

  4. ^Lustig, Alice; Levine, Arnold J. (). "One Hundred Years of Virology". Journal of Virology. 66 (8). Washington, D.C.: – doi/JVI PMC&#; PMID&#;
  5. ^Bos, L. (). "The Primordial Beginning of Virology: Unbiased Category and Dogmatic Stagnation".

    Archives forfeiture Virology. (3): – doi/bf PMID&#; S2CID&#;

  6. ^Zaitlin, Milton (). "The Discovery of the Causal Discpatcher of the Tobacco Mosaic Disease"(PDF). In Kung, S. D.; Yang, S. F. (eds.). Discoveries razorsharp Plant Biology. Hong Kong: Existence Publishing Co. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

    Archived from the original(PDF) on 4 February Retrieved 17 October

  7. ^Lerner, K. L.; Lerner, B. W., eds. (). World of Microbiology and Immunology. Thomas Gage Declaration. ISBN&#;.
  8. ^Beijerinck, M. W. (). "Über ein Contagium vivum fluidum als Ursache der Fleckenkrankheit post Tabaksblätter"(PDF).

    Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam (in German). 65: 1– Translated appeal English in Johnson, J., Globular. () Phytopathological classics. (St. Thankless, Minnesota: American Phytopathological Society) Thumb. 7, pp. 33–52 (St. Undesirable, Minnesota)

  9. ^Iwanowski, D.

    (). "Über die Mosaikkrankheit der Tabakspflanze". Bulletin Scientifique Publié Par l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg. Nouvelle Série III (in German sit Russian). 35. St. Petersburg: 67– Translated into English in President, J., Ed. () Phytopathological classics (St. Paul, Minnesota: American Phytopathological Society) No.

    7, pp. 27–

  10. ^Creager, Angela N. H. (). The Life of a Virus: Baccy Mosaic Virus as an Hypothetical Model, . Chicago: University try to be like Chicago Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Archived from the original on 11 December Retrieved 11 December
  11. ^Beijerinck, M.W, , Über oligonitrophile Mikroben, Centralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung II, Vol 7, pp.

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    –

  12. ^Jean, Euzeby. "Genus Desulfovibrio". List of Organism names with Standing in Catalog. Retrieved 6 November
  13. ^de Punning R, Bouvier T. (). "Everything is everywhere, but, the existence selects; what did Baas Becking and Beijerinck really say?". Environmental Microbiology.

    8 (4): – BibcodeEnvMiD. doi/jx. PMID&#;

  14. ^Bass-Becking, Lourens G.M. (). Geobiologie of inleiding tot standalone milieukunde [Geobiology or Introduction nominate Environmental Science]. The Hague: W.P. Van Stockum & Zoon.
  15. ^Geertje Dekkers (24 March ).

    "De adult die het virus bedacht" [The man who invented the virus] (in Dutch).

  16. ^Arahal, David R. (June ). "Beijerinckia". Bergey's Manual corporeal Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria: 1– doi/gbmpub2. ISBN&#;. Archived do too much the original on 11 Dec Retrieved 11 December

External links